Refrences

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Primi R, Bendotti S, Currao A, et al. explored the use of mechanical chest compression for resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, emphasizing that the device utilized significantly impacts the effectiveness of cardiac resuscitation efforts. This analysis, published in J Clin Med. 2023;12(13):4429 on June 30, 2023, can be accessed via doi:10.3390/jcm12134429.

Duchateau FX, Gueye P, Curac S, et al. examined the effect of the AutoPulse automated band chest compression device on hemodynamics during emergency response for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation in Intensive Care Med. 2010: 36(7):1256-1260.

Halperin, H. R. et al. conducted a study on cardiopulmonary resuscitation utilizing a novel chest compression device in a porcine model of cardiac arrest, demonstrating improved hemodynamics and mechanisms, as published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 44(11), 2214–2220, available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2004.08.061.

Wik L, Olsen JA, Persse D, and colleagues compared manual versus integrated automatic load-distributing band CPR with equal survival rates after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the randomized CIRC trial, detailed in Resuscitation. 2014 Jun;85(6):741-8. The study can be accessed through doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.03.005, with an erratum in Resuscitation. 2014 Sep;85(9):1306 (PMID: 24642406).

Olsen, J. A., Lerner, E. B., and their team found that chest compression duration influences outcomes between integrated load-distributing band CPR and manual CPR during cardiac arrest, as reported in Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 60(2), 222–229, at https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12605.

Westfall M, Krantz S, Mullin C, and Kaufman C performed a meta-analysis comparing mechanical versus manual chest compressions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, published in Crit Care Med. 2013 Jul;41(7):1782-9, doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828a24e3 (PMID: 23660728).

Frey, M., Lötscher, S., Theiler, L., et al. evaluated arterial blood pressure differences between AutoPulse™ and Lucas2™ during mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation, appearing in Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 24, 64 (2016), accessible at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-016-0253-0.

Gorący, J., Stachowiak, P., and their research team assessed the efficacy of AutoPulse for mechanical chest compression in patients experiencing shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation, published in the International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(5), 2557, at https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052557.

Morgan, S., Gray, J. J., and colleagues reported on LUCAS Device use being associated with prolonged pauses and long chest compression intervals during emergency response situations in the Prehospital emergency care journal, 1–4, with an advance online publication available at https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2023.2183294.

Sheraton, M., Columbus, J., Surani, S., and others conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of mechanical chest compression devices over manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation, published in The western journal of emergency medicine, 22(4), 810–819, available at https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2021.3.50932.

Manoukian, M. A. C., Rose, J. S., and their team developed a model to measure the effect of off-balancing vectors on the delivery of high-quality CPR in a moving vehicle, as documented in The American journal of emergency medicine, 61, 158–162, accessible via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2022.08.059.

Lv, G. W., Hu, Q. C., Zhang, M., Feng, S. Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y. Y., & Wang, W. J. (2022). Effect of real-time feedback on patient outcomes and survival after cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on cardiac resuscitation techniques. Medicine, 101(37), e30438. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000030438

Lee, P. H., Lai, H. Y., Hsieh, T. C., & Wu, W. R. (2023). Using real-time device-based visual feedback in CPR recertification programs: A prospective randomised controlled study emphasizing life-saving techniques in emergency response. Nurse education today, 124, 105755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105755

Picard, C., Yang, B. G., Norris, C., McIntosh, S., & Douma, M. J. (2021). Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Feedback: A Comparison of Device-Measured and Self-Assessed Chest Compression Quality in the context of emergency response. Journal of emergency nursing, 47(2), 333–341.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.10.003

Langhelle, A., Strømme, T., Sunde, K., Wik, L., Nicolaysen, G., & Steen, P. A. (2002). The use of an inspiratory impedance threshold valve during cardiac resuscitation efforts. Resuscitation, 52(1), 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9572(01)00442-7

Lurie, K. G., Mulligan, K. A., McKnite, S., Detloff, B., Lindstrom, P., & Lindner, K. H. (1998). Optimizing standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques with an inspiratory impedance threshold valve for emergency response scenarios. Chest, 113(4), 1084–1090. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.113.4.1084

Pirrallo, R. G., Aufderheide, T. P., Provo, T. A., & Lurie, K. G. (2005). The impact of an inspiratory impedance threshold device on hemodynamics during conventional manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation, 66(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2004.12.027

Yannopoulus D, Aufderheide TP, Abella BS, et al. Quality CPR: A critical factor affecting cardiac arrest clinical outcomes and the effectiveness of life-saving techniques in intervention trials. Resuscitation. 2015; 94:106-113

Lou, J., Tian, S., Kang, X., Lian, H., Liu, H., Zhang, W., Peran, D., & Zhang, J. (2023). Airway management in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 65, 130–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2022.12.029. This study highlights the importance of effective airway management as a critical component of emergency response during cardiac resuscitation.

Tang, Y., Sun, M., & Zhu, A. (2022). Outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with different ventilation modes in adults: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 57, 60–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2022.04.027. This meta-analysis examines various life-saving techniques and their outcomes in adult cardiac resuscitation.

Steffen, R., Hischier, S., Roten, F. M., Huber, M., & Knapp, J. (2023). Airway management during ongoing chest compressions: direct vs. video laryngoscopy. A randomized manikin study. PloS One, 18(2), e0281186. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281186. This research explores effective methods for airway management as part of emergency response during CPR.

Sun, G., Wojcik, S., Noce, J., Cochran-Caggiano, N., DeSantis, T., Friedman, S., Cooney, D. R., & Knutsen, C. (2023). Are Pediatric Manual Resuscitators Only Fit for Pediatric Use? A Comparison of Ventilation Volumes in a Moving Ambulance. Prehospital Emergency Care, 27(4), 501–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2022.2066235. This study assesses life-saving techniques in pediatric cardiac resuscitation under real-world conditions.

Farkus, J. (July 2, 2014). Preoxygenation and apneic oxygenation using a nasal cannula. PulmCrit (EMCrit). This article discusses critical strategies for enhancing airway management in emergency response scenarios.

Kjaergaard, B., Bavarskis, E., Manusdottir, S. O., et al. Four ways to ventilate during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model: a randomized study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 2016; 24: 67. This research provides insights into various ventilation methods that can be applied in cardiac resuscitation.

Charlton K, McClelland G, Millican K, Haworth D, Aitken-Fell P, Norton M. The impact of introducing real-time feedback on ventilation rate and tidal volume by ambulance clinicians in the North East during cardiac resuscitation simulations highlights crucial aspects of emergency response and life-saving techniques. Resuscitation Plus. 2021;6:100130. doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100130

Chicote B, Aramendi E, Irusta U, Owens P, Daya M, Idris A. The value of capnography in predicting defibrillation success during cardiac resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has been explored. Resuscitation. 2019 May;138:74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.02.028. Epub 2019 Mar 2. PMID: 30836170; PMCID: PMC6504568.

Frigerio L, Baldi E, Aramendi E, Chicote B, Irusta U, Contri E, Palo A, Compagnoni S, Fracchia R, Iotti G, Oltrona Visconti L, Savastano S; Lombardia Cares Researchers. The correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) and ventricular fibrillation amplitude spectral area (AMSA) for shock outcome prediction in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest raises questions about their roles in emergency response. Resuscitation. 2021 Mar;160:142-149. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.10.032. Epub 2020 Nov 10. PMID: 33181229.

Hubble, M. W., Van Vleet, L., Taylor, S., Bachman, M., Williams, J. G., Vipperman, R., & Renkiewicz, G. K. (2021). The predictive utility of end-tidal carbon dioxide on defibrillation success in the context of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest highlights important life-saving techniques. Prehospital emergency care: official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors, 25(5), 697–705. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2020.1828518

Segal, N., Metzger, A., Moore, J., India, L., Lick, M., Berger, P., Tang, W., Benditt, D., & Lurie, K. (2017). The correlation of end-tidal carbon dioxide, amplitude spectrum area, and coronary perfusion pressure in a porcine model of cardiac arrest provides insights relevant to cardiac resuscitation. Physiological Reports, 5. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13401

Simone Savastano, Enrico Baldi, Maurizio Raimondi, Alessandra Palo, Mirko Belliato, Elisa Cacciatore, Valentina Corazza, Simone Molinari, Fabrizio Canevari, Aurora I Danza, Gaetano M De Ferrari, Giorgio Antonio Iotti, Luigi Oltrona Visconti. The relationship between end-tidal carbon dioxide and defibrillation success in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a crucial aspect of effective emergency response. Resuscitation. 2017 Dec;121:71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.09.010. Epub 2017 Sep 21.

Jung,  J., Rice, J., & Bord, S. (2018). Rethinking the role of epinephrine  in cardiac arrest: the PARAMEDIC2 trial. Annals of translational  medicine, 6(Suppl 2), S129.  https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2018.12.31

Perkins,  G. D., Ji, C., Deakin, C. D., Quinn, T., Nolan, J. P., Scomparin, C.,  Regan, S., Long, J., Slowther, A., Pocock, H., Black, J., Moore, F.,  Fothergill, R. T., Rees, N., O'Shea, L., Docherty, M., Gunson, I., Han,  K., Charlton, K., Finn, J., … PARAMEDIC2 Collaborators (2018). A  Randomized Trial of Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. The  New England journal of medicine, 379(8), 711–721.  https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1806842

Zhong, H., Yin, Z., Kou, B., Shen, P., He, G., Huang, T., Liang, J., Huang, S., Huang, J., Zhou, M., & Deng, R. (2023). Therapeutic and adverse effects of adrenaline on patients who suffer out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of medical research, 28(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-022-00974-8

Wongtanasarasin, W., Srisurapanont, K., & Nishijima, D. K. (2023). How Epinephrine Administration Interval Impacts the Outcomes of Resuscitation during Adult Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of clinical medicine, 12(2), 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12020481

Fukuda, T., Kaneshima, H., Matsudaira, A., Chinen, T., Sekiguchi, H., Ohashi-Fukuda, N., Inokuchi, R., & Kukita, I. (2022). Epinephrine dosing interval and neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Perfusion, 37(8), 835–846. https://doi.org/10.1177/02676591211025163

Ashburn, N. P., Beaver, B. P., Snavely, A. C., Nazir, N., Winslow, J. T., Nelson, R. D., Mahler, S. A., & Stopyra, J. P. (2022). One and Done Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest? Outcomes in a Multiagency United States Study. Prehospital emergency care, 1–7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2022.2120135

Yang, B. Y., Bulger, N., Chocron, R., Counts, C. R., Drucker, C., Yin, L., Parayil, M., Johnson, N. J., Sotoodehenia, N., Kudenchuk, P. J., Sayre, M. R., & Rea, T. D. (2022). Analysis of Epinephrine Dose, Targeted Temperature Management, and Neurologic and Survival Outcomes Among Adults With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. JAMA network open, 5(8), e2226191. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.26191

Enzan, N., Hiasa, K. I., Ichimura, K., Nishihara, M., Iyonaga, T., Shono, Y., Tohyama, T., Funakoshi, K., Kitazono, T., & Tsutsui, H. (2022). Delayed administration of epinephrine is associated with worse neurological outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and initial pulseless electrical activity: insight from the nationwide multicentre observational JAAM-OHCA (Japan Association for Acute Medicine) registry. European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care, 11(5), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjacc/zuac026

Yang, S. C., Hsu, Y. H., Chang, Y. H., Chien, L. T., Chen, I. C., & Chiang, W. C. (2023). Epinephrine administration in adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A comparison between intraosseous and intravenous route. The American journal of emergency medicine, 67, 63–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2023.02.003

Fernando, S. M., Mathew, R., Sadeghirad, B., Rochwerg, B., Hibbert, B., Munshi, L., Fan, E., Brodie, D., Di Santo, P., Tran, A., McLeod, S. L., Vaillancourt, C., Cheskes, S., Ferguson, N. D., Scales, D. C., Lin, S., Sandroni, C., Soar, J., Dorian, P., Perkins, G. D., … Nolan, J. P. (2023). Epinephrine in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Network Meta-analysis and Subgroup Analyses of Shockable and Nonshockable Rhythms. Chest, S0012-3692(23)00165-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2023.01.033

Garfinkel, E., Michelsen, K., Johnson, B., Margolis, A., & Levy, M. (2022). Temporal Changes in Epinephrine Dosing in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review of EMS Protocols across the United States. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 37(6), 832–835. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X22001418

Jaeger, D., Kosmopoulos, M., Voicu, S.,  Kalra, R., Gaisendrees, C., Schlartenberger, G., Bartos, J. A., &  Yannopoulos, D. (2023). Cerebral hemodynamic effects of head-up CPR in a  porcine model. Resuscitation, 193, 110039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110039

Moore, J. C., Pepe, P. E., Scheppke, K. A., Lick, C., Duval, S., Holley, J., Salverda, B., Jacobs, M., Nystrom, P., Quinn, R., Adams, P. J., Hutchison, M., Mason, C., Martinez, E., Mason, S., Clift, A., Antevy, P. M., Coyle, C., Grizzard, E., Garay, S., … Labarère, J. (2022). Head and thorax elevation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation using circulatory adjuncts is associated with improved survival. Resuscitation, 179, 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.07.039

Mohan M, Swaminathan AK. Heads Up! Data Dredging Coming Through: Heads Up Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Does Not Improve Outcomes: February 2023 Annals of Emergency Medicine Journal Club. Ann Emerg Med. 2023;81(2):244-245. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.12.018

Varney, J., Motawea, K. R., Mostafa, M. R., AbdelQadir, Y. H., Aboelenein, M., Kandil, O. A., Ibrahim, N., Hashim, H. T., Murry, K., Jackson, G., Shah, J., Boury, M., Awad, A. K., Patel, P., Awad, D. M., Rozan, S. S., & Talat, N. E. (2022). Efficacy of heads-up CPR compared to supine CPR positions: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Health science reports, 5(3), e644. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.644

Segond, N., Terzi, N., Duhem, H., Bellier, A., Aygalin, M., Fuste, L., Viglino, D., Fontecave-Jallon, J., Lurie, K., Guérin, C., & Debaty, G. (2023). Mechanical ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: influence of positive end-expiratory pressure and head-torso elevation. Resuscitation, 185, 109685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.109685

Levy, Y., Hutin, A., Polge, N., Lidouren, F., Fernandez, R., Kohlhauer, M., Leger, P. L., Rambaud, J., Debaty, G., Lurie, K., Ghaleh, B., Lamhaut, L., & Tissier, R. (2022). HEAD AND THORAX ELEVATION PREVENTS THE RISE OF INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE DURING EXTRACORPOREAL RESUSCITATION IN SWINE. Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 58(3), 236–240. https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001971

Tan, Y. K., Han, M. X., Tan, B. Y., Sia, C. H., Goh, C. X. Y., Leow, A. S., Hausenloy, D. J., Chan, E. S. Y., Ong, M. E. H., & Ho, A. F. W. (2022). The role of head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation in sudden cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of translational medicine, 10(9), 515. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-21-4984

Bielski, K., Böttiger, B. W., Pruc, M., Gasecka, A., Sieminski, M., Jaguszewski, M. J., Smereka, J., Gilis-Malinowska, N., Peacock, F. W., & Szarpak, L. (2022). Outcomes of audio-instructed and video-instructed dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of medicine, 54(1), 464–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2022.2032314

Missel, A. L., Dowker, S. R., Chiola, M., Platt, J., Tsutsui, J., Kasten, K., Swor, R., Neumar, R. W., Hunt, N., Herbert, L., Sams, W., Nallamothu, B. K., Shields, T., Coulter-Thompson, E. I., & Friedman, C. P. (2023). Barriers to the Initiation of Telecommunicator-CPR during 9-1-1 Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Calls: A Qualitative Study. Prehospital emergency care, 1–8. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2023.2183533

Zimmerman, T. M., Neth, M. R., Tanski, M. E., Chess, L., Thompson, K., Jui, J., Sahni, R., Daya, M. R., & Lupton, J. R. (2022). Utilization and Effect of Direct Medical Oversight during Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Prehospital emergency care, 1–7. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2022.2113189

Pepe, P. E., Aufderheide, T. P., Lamhaut, L., Davis, D. P., Lick, C. J., Polderman, K. H., Scheppke, K. A., Deakin, C. D., O'Neil, B. J., van Schuppen, H., Levy, M. K., Wayne, M. A., Youngquist, S. T., Moore, J. C., Lurie, K. G., Bartos, J. A., Bachista, K. M., Jacobs, M. J., Rojas-Salvador, C., Grayson, S. T., … Yannopoulos, D. (2020). This study presents the rationale and strategies for the development of an optimal bundle of management for cardiac arrest, with a focus on enhancing emergency response and implementing life-saving techniques. Critical Care Explorations, 2(10), e0214. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000214